Iron supplements remain the most common form of anemia treatment, particularly for iron-deficiency anemia. Oral formulations like ferrous sulfate and ferrous gluconate are widely used to replenish iron stores. However, in cases where oral therapy proves ineffective or intolerable, intravenous iron preparations offer a faster and more efficient alternative. Modern formulations have minimized side effects, allowing for safer and more comfortable treatment experiences.

The growing understanding of the genetic and molecular mechanisms behind anemia has also encouraged targeted treatments for rare forms like sickle cell disease and thalassemia. Gene-based therapies and advanced biologics are being explored to address the root causes rather than just the symptoms, paving the way for potential cures in the future.